Academic case studies issues relevant to the resource curse Answer

The Botswana has 40% of GDP from diamonds, is a country and the climate is mainly tropical, all of which might be taken to make Botswana curse of sensitive resources. However, it actually supports the highest growth rate per capita in the world in the last 35 years (Acemoglu et al, 2002).

Acemoglu et al. suggest that the economic success of the strength of national institutions that have declared the rights of protected areasInvestors provided that political stability and forces the elite in a strong political system and ensuring the political participation of a broad cross section of society. Acemoglu et al. argue that the strength of institutions can not be explained with reference to Botswana, the country's history. Botswana supported traditional tribal institutions that ensure broad participation and the maintenance of the elites, the Botswana Branch of the British Empire meant that tribal structuresnot completely erased by the colonial structures.

E 'possible to Botswana, a country with traditional institutions capable of overcoming the resource curse, could oppose with Somalia, where traditional institutions are not sufficient to maintain political stability (Acemoglu et al. 2002).

Again, the British colonial government had a limited effect on the structure of Somali society. Although its economy is dominated by agriculture, and therefore not under the curse of resources such asBotswana shows the impact on the economy, weak institutions, one might assume that the situation in Somalia would be even worse if you have an abundance of natural resources. Ransacked the industrial sector of Somalia, based on the processing of agricultural products, and most of it was sold as scrap metal, has no effective government, national and conflict is common (CIA Factbook). Clapham writes (1986), that the traditionally nomadic Somali society became available, with more intensive analysisResources. These pre-existing basis of the Somali tribal society is not a sufficient basis for the government, which may occur in the allocation of resources, without ethnic and cultural conflicts.

Collier (2007) used in Nigeria as an example of the benefits of institutions of checks and balances on the distribution of resource rents. Nigeria is undoubtedly cursed with an abundance of resources. Oil provides 95% of its revenue in foreign currency since independence in 1960, ismilitary and civilian rule has strong ethnic and religious tensions, and the recent elections have been plagued by violence (CIA Factbook). Is not this an example of what can happen if all conditions are good, but it highlights the benefits of institutional development.

In 1998, Nigeria returned to civilian government, the first term of the new government, where massive corruption, checks and balances do not exist, because it has had time to establish and powerful interests wereagainst them. Publicly funded projects planned to acquire opportunities for individuals from the electricity and donations for electoral support. But strengthening the start of his second term as president institutions to perform basic checks and balances, as for example tenders for public projects, public tenders were called and put out the call costs were reduced an average of 40%. This shows the improvement made with the can be strengthenedInstitutions.

• Acemoglu, D. Johnson, S., Robinson, J. (2002), An African Success Story: Botswana CEPR Discussion Paper. • Clapham, C. (1986) The Horn of Africa, Peter Duignan and Robert H. Jackson, eds. Politics and Government in African States 1960-1985, Croon Helm, London. • Collier, P. (2007) The Bottom Billion: Why poor countries are not, and what you can do, Oxford, Oxford University Press

5 ways to fund studies

They send their children to school is one of the highest responsibility, but given the increase in tuition and other fees, this can certainly drain your finances. What are the best options for financing education? Here are 5 options available:

1. Take advantage of tax benefits.

There are several institutions that are willing to grant credits or deductions for taxes. This is to offset the costs, fees and interest. However, note that this is notDiscounts that are applied directly to your billing information costs. Takes the form of discounts, which means that you can deduct if you have already paid the fee.

2. Seek financial support.

When you are talking probably no money or savings, can send their children to school, is one of the best ways to seek financial assistance or loans. Now comes in different forms, depending on what is required, the type of payment you want, or loansDeadline for payment. Even children can be in a position you are applying for loans right from their own university or institution recognized by their school. Parents can, on the other side, we also. A good example is the plus or parent loans for students, which was created by the federal government.

Can you at the college or university to study where your children are, whether an offer. You can also search the world for themWide Web, but before it for any type of loan, make sure that fully read and understood the terms and conditions. You can also calculate the approximate contribution of families through a EFC calculator that you can find online borrowing.

3. Tap your savings account.

If you another country somewhere, now is the best time to use it. The biggest challenge is the choice of where to save your money at interest.You can think of bank deposits, or better yet, learn to work with a financial adviser or corporate asset management. They know only too well where you put your savings, so that for the time to walk your children to school, something that you can use. It is also important that you choose to exercise with your financial institution right. Avoid the investment very risky. We can not afford everything they have worked hard to lose your savings or bad decisions.Above all, ensure that the savings account that you should just for the college education of your children and otherwise set to be used.

4. Apply for a scholarship.

There is a common idea that you need super-smart or director before they actually apply for a scholarship. That is completely false. There are several criteria for each of science, and it's worth the time to read. Some scholarships are on the level of choice, whereas othersaccording to how much the family earns annually. There are grants for certain racial or minority group, and there are some that are only exclusively given to a particular gender. Take some time to make extensive research about them. Also, know if it's going to be a full-time or a partial scholarship. This way, you can already anticipate if there are any cost that you need to shoulder, simply because they aren't covered by the grant.

5. Enroll in the community college.

With The high prices charged by private schools and universities is undoubtedly a wise decision bound, if the child will attend college and then go to the university. Some community college courses generally last for two years. This gives you time to develop, whenever you decide to continue his studies in private schools and study.

More than financial support, but children need to grow psychologically and emotionally. If you continue yourLove and care, you will certainly feel that there is nothing that has not happened or what he can do, especially when there about his academic training.